What is the function of the epiglottis?

The epiglottis serves a crucial role in the respiratory system by preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing. This structure is a flap of cartilage located at the root of the tongue, and its primary function is to close off the trachea when swallowing occurs. By doing so, the epiglottis ensures that swallowed substances travel down the esophagus into the stomach rather than into the airway, which could result in choking or aspiration.

Other options relate to different physiological functions: sound production is primarily associated with the vocal cords located in the larynx, airflow regulation is managed by various structures including the bronchi and bronchioles, and digestion involves the esophagus and digestive system organs rather than the epiglottis itself. Therefore, the role of the epiglottis is specific to protecting the airway during the act of swallowing rather than functioning in the areas described by the other choices.