What does the acronym "PEEP" stand for in the context of mechanical ventilation?

The term "PEEP" stands for Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in the context of mechanical ventilation. This is a mode of ventilation used to maintain a certain level of pressure in the airways at the end of expiration. The purpose of PEEP is to prevent the complete collapse of alveoli, which can occur at lower lung volumes. By keeping a positive pressure, PEEP helps to improve oxygenation and increase functional residual capacity (FRC), ultimately enhancing overall ventilation.

In mechanical ventilation, PEEP can also aid in reducing the work of breathing and ensuring that the lungs remain more recruited, thereby improving gas exchange. It is a critical component in managing patients with conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pneumonia, where maintaining alveolar inflation is vital for effective treatment.