A 55 year old male with emphysema is only able to speak in short broken sentences. As you are assisting him, he suddenly stops breathing. What is your immediate action?

In the scenario described, the immediate action to take when a patient suddenly stops breathing is to begin positive pressure ventilations. This is crucial because the patient, who has emphysema and was already experiencing difficulty in breathing indicated by speaking in short broken sentences, is now in a state of respiratory failure.

Positive pressure ventilations provide the necessary oxygen to the lungs when the patient is unable to breathe on their own. In patients with emphysema, their pulmonary structure is compromised, making it difficult for them to maintain adequate ventilation, and this can quickly lead to hypoxia or respiratory arrest. By initiating positive pressure ventilations immediately, you help restore oxygenation to vital organs, which is critical for the patient's survival.

Monitoring vital signs, administering CPR, or calling for advanced support are all essential components of patient management in emergency situations, but none are as immediately effective as providing positive pressure ventilations when a patient is apneic. This response directly addresses the most urgent need: to ensure that the patient receives adequate ventilation and oxygenation.